How likely is mother-to-child transmission of HIV? - Aidsmap
Transmission from pregnant women with diagnosed HIV has fallen to 0.3% and 0.2% in the UK and France respectively. In 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa surveyed in 2019, the transmission rate varied between 2 and 25%. The countries with the best figures were Botswana, Eswatini, South Africa and Namibia (all below 5%).
How accurate are fourth-generation combination tests for HIV
Glossary. Fourth-generation laboratory tests are extremely accurate. The key measures of accuracy are sensitivity (the percentage of results that are correctly positive when HIV is actually present) and specificity (the percentage of results that are correctly negative when HIV is not present). In terms of sensitivity, a Centers for Disease ...
What is the window period for HIV testing? | aidsmap
The median window period is 18 days (interquartile range 13 to 24 days). This indicates that half of all infections would be detected between 13 and 24 days after exposure. 99% of HIV-infected individuals would be detectable within 44 days of exposure. UK guidelines state that 45 days is the window period for fourth-generation laboratory tests.
Female-to-female sexual transmission of HIV - Aidsmap
Key points. The risk of female-to-female sexual transmission is extremely rare, with only a handful of reported cases. HIV-positive women who identify as lesbian may have acquired HIV through injecting drug use or sex with men. Transmission is possible through sharing of sex toys and exposure to blood during sex.
On-demand PrEP is highly effective, but some may find it confusing
2020年7月8日 · On-demand PrEP is also known as event-based PrEP or PrEP 2-1-1. It involves taking two tablets 2 to 24 hours before engaging in sex, taking a single tablet 24 hours after the first two, and another tablet 24 hours after that. On-demand PrEP using daily Truvada was shown to be highly effective for gay and bisexual men in the French IPERGAY study.
Potent new anti-HIV drug only needs to be injected once every six ...
2021年7月26日 · This pair of drugs requires injections in the buttocks, either every month or every two months. Treatment that needs to be taken even less frequently would be even more of an advance. The medication that is being tested this way is called lenacapavir. It works in a different way from existing anti-HIV drugs. It interferes with part of the HIV ...
Viral load - Aidsmap
You should have your viral load measured when you are first diagnosed with HIV. If it is known that you have very recently become HIV positive (a period known as primary infection), you will have it measured three to six months later to determine your viral load ‘set point’ – the level of your viral load once it stabilises when the period of primary infection is over.
HIV-1 and HIV-2 - Aidsmap
HIV-1 and HIV-2. There are two major types of the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV-1, which was discovered first, is the most widespread type worldwide. HIV-2 is more than 55% genetically different from HIV-1. HIV-2 is most common in western Africa and is becoming more common in India, although numbers there are still relatively small.
Antiretroviral drug chart - Aidsmap
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Are HIV tests accurate in people taking HIV treatment, PrEP
This problem occurs much more frequently in people who began HIV treatment in the first few weeks of infection.For example, up to half of individuals who began treatment very early in infection in Thailand and in France got false negative results of some tests, including rapid tests, self-tests and (less frequently) laboratory tests.. Tests based on second-generation technology …