Impossible routes of HIV transmission - Aidsmap
Impossible routes of HIV transmission. Unbroken healthy skin, because cells vulnerable to HIV infection do not exist on the surface of the skin. Kissing, because HIV cannot be transmitted in saliva. Coughing or sneezing, because HIV cannot be airborne. It is not present in the tiny particles of moisture sneezed or coughed out of someone's mouth.
Female-to-female sexual transmission of HIV - Aidsmap
Key points. The risk of female-to-female sexual transmission is extremely rare, with only a handful of reported cases. HIV-positive women who identify as lesbian may have acquired HIV through injecting drug use or sex with men. Transmission is possible through sharing of sex toys and exposure to blood during sex.
On-demand PrEP is highly effective, but some may find it confusing
2020年7月8日 — On-demand PrEP is also known as event-based PrEP or PrEP 2-1-1. It involves taking two tablets 2 to 24 hours before engaging in sex, taking a single tablet 24 hours after the first two, and another tablet 24 hours after that. On-demand PrEP using daily Truvada was shown to be highly effective for gay and bisexual men in the French IPERGAY study.
Viral load - Aidsmap
You should have your viral load measured when you are first diagnosed with HIV. If it is known that you have very recently become HIV positive (a period known as primary infection), you will have it measured three to six months later to determine your viral load ‘set point’ – the level of your viral load once it stabilises when the period of primary infection is over.
How likely is mother-to-child transmission of HIV? - Aidsmap
Transmission from pregnant women with diagnosed HIV has fallen to 0.3% and 0.2% in the UK and France respectively. In 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa surveyed in 2019, the transmission rate varied between 2 and 25%. The countries with the best figures were Botswana, Eswatini, South Africa and Namibia (all below 5%).
I’m starting a relationship with someone who has HIV, what
It may be reassuring to know that you can have a long-term relationship and a fulfilling sex life with your partner, and stay HIV negative. It’s completely safe to kiss and hug your partner. I f your partner is taking HIV treatment and has an undetectable viral load, there is no risk of HIV transmission. Using condoms is also an effective way ...
HIV-1 subtypes - Aidsmap
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Recommended treatments for HIV - Aidsmap
The recommended first-line HIV treatments for most people all include an integrase inhibitor: either dolutegravir or bictegravir. It is usually taken together with a nucleoside backbone as part of a three-drug combination. There are five options: Dolutegravir / tenofovir disoproxil / emtricitabine. This is usually taken as two pills: Tivicay ...
HIV-1 and HIV-2 - Aidsmap
HIV-1 and HIV-2. There are two major types of the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV-1, which was discovered first, is the most widespread type worldwide. HIV-2 is more than 55% genetically different from HIV-1. HIV-2 is most common in western Africa and is becoming more common in India, although numbers there are still relatively small.
Are HIV tests accurate in people taking HIV treatment, PrEP
This problem occurs much more frequently in people who began HIV treatment in the first few weeks of infection.For example, up to half of individuals who began treatment very early in infection in Thailand and in France got false negative results of some tests, including rapid tests, self-tests and (less frequently) laboratory tests.. Tests based on second-generation technology (which require ...