But the exact nature of light, and how it travels, has long puzzled scientists. One question in particular has vexed thinkers from Issac Newton to Albert Einstein: Is light a particle or a wave?

In this chapter discussions on the properties of light cover the dual wave-particle nature of light, the speed of light in different materials, reflection, refraction, and polarization. These concepts ...

Light doesn’t simply shift from being a ... These distributions would simply not be possible if electrons had a purely ...

The nature of industrial particles depends ... According to Mie theory, particle scattering is enhanced when particle size and light wavelength are similar (Bohren & Huffman 1983).

Astrophysical bow shocks and other multiscale phenomena work like cosmic particle accelerators to launch electrons to ...