Saak demonstrates that Luther's provocative act represented the culmination of the late medieval Reformation. It was only the failure of this earlier Reformation that served as a catalyst for the ...

Spreads between these ratios likewise indicate weaknesses in integration. Based on this method to analyze financial market integration, the impact of monetary policies pursued by many late medieval ...

The Age of Reason associated with the names of Descartes, Newton, Hobbes, and the French philosophers, actually began in the universities that first emerged in the late Middle Ages (1100 to 1600) when ...

The Middle Ages were not all about tyrannical rulers and power struggles. Cooperation, compromise, and women in power were ...

Kings used taxes to collect money for wars and other projects. In the later Middle Ages the government imposed a tax on foreigners.