Indirect taxes, which are based on what people spend their money on rather ... its price by around 70 per cent by the middle of the 18th century. Smuggling was usually organised by gangs, who ...

18th Century Racism: Alive and Kicking This race-based system was based on false notions that Black people had naturally deficient lungs. Thomas Jefferson, in his 1785 Notes on the State of ...

The main items smuggled in the 18th century were tea ... Those that were caught were often not convicted, as few people would testify against the gangs because they threatened people to keep ...

care for people and keep the passion alive. "These letters are about universal human experiences, they're not unique to France or the 18th Century." ...

As part of the project, Martins conducted a detailed analysis of the production of varnished gourds and calabashes in the 18th-century captaincy of colonial Brazil, called Grão-Pará. These ...